Lesson No. 1 - Prophet Muhammad (SAWW) as an Educationist

PROPHET MUHAMMAD (SAWW) AS AN EDUCATIONIST

It is an admitted fact that the first revelation of Allah Almighty received in the cave of Hira by the Holy Prophet (SAWW) was "Read in the name of thy Lord who created man from a clot of blood. Read! Thy Lord is most bounteous Who taught by pen."

.
This shows that Allah Almighty taught Hazrat Muhammad (SAWW) the two steps for education. The first step is reading and the second is writing. But what to read is the question. The Holy Prophet (SAWW) said, "Learn the Holy Quran and teach it to the people." The Holy Prophet (SAWW) stressed upon the right kind of education.

.
He (SAWW) made education a religious obligation. It was made compulsory for every man and woman to learn from cradle to grave. He imposed a condition for the prisoners of the battle of Badr to teach the Muslims. He (SAWW) taught how to teach effectively. To attract the attention of the listeners, he (SAWW) himself addressed the people as, "O.ye people" and asked a question which made the people attentive. Similarly on another occasion he invited the followers and asked a question, "Oh, Ansar, didn't I find you away from the right path and then Allah blessed you through me? They replied, "Verily, the Prophet of Allah is the custodian of truth. Then he (SAWW) proceeded on and concluded with a question. "Won't you prefer that while the other' share should be camels and goats, yours should be the Prophet of Allah? How beautifully he urged them to follow him.

.
Another technique that he (SAWW) employed was the use of gesture explaining how Allah held heaven and earth in His grip. The Holy Prophet (SAWW) closed his fist and then opened it while his whole body swayed from one side to the other and the pulpit shook under him. In fact, it was when the Holy Prophet (SAWW) wanted to demonstrate the dreadful sight of the doomsday.
.
In his address of Hajja-tul-Wida the followers noticed how by degrees his speech gradually rose to climax. The pauses, rise and fall of his forceful voice, made his speech effective. He demonstrated the concept of closeness by lifting his middle finger and showing its closeness to the index finger.

.
He (SAWW) remained relevant and brief in his speech to save the listeners from any inconvenience. He (SAWW) had literary taste and had perfect command on the language. His talk with people was persuasive. He was a great educationist and got the followers realized.
..

Words

Meaning

.
Revelation
A message of God to a prophet
Stress
To emphasize; to give importance to
Cradle to grave
From the time one is born to the last day he lives in this world
Verily
Truly, really
Custodian
Care taker; incharge
Employ
To use
Climax
The highest point

.
EXERCISES

Q:1 Choose the correct answer.

.
i) The first revelation encourages us to
(a) write (b) behave (c) read and (d) live
.

ii) How did the Holy Prophet (SAWW) attract the attention of listeners?
(a) by speaking loudly (b) by starting with a question (c) by telling a story and (d) by addressing the people
.

iii) How did the Holy Prophet (SAWW) persuade his followers to follow him?
(a) by promising them riches (b) by promising them paradise (c) by telling them that the Prophet (SAWW) would be their's and (d) by giving them camels and goats.
.

iv) Another technique used by the Holy Prophet (SAWW) was:
(a) demonstration (b) writing down an idea (c) gesture and (d) climax
.

Q:2 Tick (-/) the statements either True or False.

.
i) The first revelation was: "read Thy Lord is most bounteous." T
ii) A teaching technique was the use of the gesture. T
iii) Demonstration was one of the techniques. T
iv) Extinguishing a fire means putting it out. T
v) The addresses of the Holy Prophet (SAWW) were usually short. T
vi) Literary taste means having literary touch. T
vii) Far away from the right path means not following the traffic rules. F
.
Q:3 Punctuate the following:

Read in the name of thy lord who created man from a clot of blood read thy lord is most bounteous who taught by pen.
Ans: Punctuated Passage.
"Read in the name of the Lord, Who created man from a clot of blood Read! Thy Lord is most bounteous Who taught by pen."

.
Q:4 Tick (-/) the correct word and write the sentences in your note book.
.

i) He died of a serious ________ (disease, decease)
ii) I will (not, naught)________ listen to you.
iii) _______ on; Let's go (Cum, come)
iv) She _________ (lets, let's) her child play in the park.
v) East or West __________ (whom, home) is the best.
vi) _______ him up. He seems depressed today. (Cheer, Chair)
vii) A reminder was sent to the Ministry _________ vide letter number XYZ. (vide, wide)
viii) The landlord purchased ________ more land to expand his farming business. (more land, land)
ix) He has thick _______ (hair, hare) on his head.
x) Some rulers have ________ reigned for as long as half a country. (reigned, rained)
.
Q:5 Answer the following questions:

.
i) What was the first revelation received in the cave of Hira by the Holy Prophet (SAWW)?
Ans: It is an admitted fact that the first revelation of Allah Almighty received in the cave of Hira by the Holy Prophet Muhammad (SAWW) was
"Read in the name of the Lord who created. He created man from a clot of blood. Read! And they Lord is most bounteous Who taught by pen.
.

ii) What steps were taught for "education" to the Holy Prophet (SAWW) by the Almighty Allah?
Ans: The Holy Prophet (SAWW) taught us two steps for education. The first step is reading and the second is writing.
.

iii) Which is the best book to read and teach?
Ans: The Holy Quran is the best book to read and teach.
.

iv) What kind of condition was imposed on the prisoners of the battle of Badr?
Ans: The condition imposed on the prisoners of the battle of Badr was to teach the Muslims.
.

v) Who is the custodian of truth mentioned in the lesson?
Ans: The Holy Prophet (SAWW) is the custodian of truth.
.

vi) What question did the Holy Prophet (SAWW) ask before concluding his address to the people of Ansar?
Ans: The Holy Prophet (SAWW) asked them, "Won't you prefer that while the others' share should be camels and goats, yours should be the Prophet of Allah?
.
vii) What kind of gestures had made his speech effective in his address of Hajja-tul-Wida?
Ans: The pauses, rise and fall of his forceful voice, made his speech effective. He demonstrated the concept of closeness by lifting his middle finger and showing its closeness to the index finger.
.

ENGLISH GRAMMER MADE EASY

ENTER

Lesson No. 2 - Festivals of Pakistan

FESTIVALS OF PAKISTAN

Festival is a public celebration of an event to create a sense of brotherhood, selflessness, peace and sacrifice among the people. The celebration allow the people to rejoice themselves by leaving the routines which have made their life dull and boring/ They bring the people of different areas closer to create cultural harmony among them. Some of the festivals are religious and some are held to refresh the deeds of national heroes and political events.

.
Shab-e-Barat, a night of blessings, is celebrated on 14th Shabaan, 8th mointh of the Islamic calendar. The Muslims illuminate their houses and Masajid. Devotional prayers are performed throughout the night to seek the blessings of Allah.

.
After the fasting in the month of Ramadan the Muslims celebrate Eid-ul-Fiter on 1st of Shawal. Eid prayers, mostly on open fields are performed after sunrise. After the prayers the Muslims greet each other. They spend the whole day in feasting and rejoicing.

.
Eid-ul-Azha is the greatest event when millions of Muslims throughout the world gather at Kaabah to bow before Allah at the time o f Hajj. Those who can't go there offer special prayers after the sunrise on 10th Zilhaj. After the prayers the Muslims greet one another and offer sacrifice of a goat, a sheep, a cow or a camel to honour the sacrifice of the Prophet Hazrat Ibrahim (AS). The meat is divided in three parts one for the family, second for the relations and third for the poor.
.
Eid Milad-un-Nabi is celebrated on 12th of Rabi-ul-Awwal, a birthday of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (SAWW). The buildings and bazaars are illuminated. Seminars are conducted to induce the devotees to follow the life of Hazrat Muhammad (SAWW).

.
Some festivals are celebrated to refresh the memories of great saints. These are held at the shrines o f great saints. The Mela Chiraghan is held at the shrine of Hazrat Madhu Lal Hussain. The Urses of Bab Farid, Hazrat Data Gunj Bukhsh, Imam Bari, Saachal Sar Must and Abdul Latif Bhitai are held at the shrines o f these saints. People from far off places gather at the shrines to pay homage to the great saints.

.
The day of the Pakistan Resolution (23rd of March 1940) and Independence Day (14th of August 1947) are the most remarkable days in the history of Pakistan. The nation as a whole celebrates these occasions every year to refresh the greatness of these events. They also give us the knowledge and information related to freedom movement of Pakistan and the sacrifices made by the leaders in getting a separate homeland for the Muslims of South Asia.

.
These festivals also provide the opportunities to the artisans to display their handicrafts, which depict their cultural heritage. They attract the tourists from all over the world. Lok Melas are also arranged alongwith these exhibitions to enable the people to develop a sense of brotherhood among themselves. They are necessary to keep the people united and to honour the social activities of the people of different areas.
.
EXERCISES
Q:1 Answer the following questions:

i) How would you describe the word "festival"?
Ans: Festival is a programme that is usually held at regular intervals, often in one place. It is a public celebration of an event.

ii) What is the purpose o f celebrating a festival?
Ans: A festival is celebrated to create a sense of brotherhood, selflessness, peace and sacrifice among the people. It allows the people to rejoice themselves. It also creates a cultural harmony among them.

iii) When does Shab-e-Barat take place? What is the importance of this blessed night to the Muslims?
Ans: Shab-e-Barat takes place on 15th Shaban, 8th month of the Islamic lunar calendar. It is a night of blessings. The Muslims perform devotional prayers through out the night to seek the blessing of Allah.

.

iv) Name the religious festivals of the Muslims are: Shab-e-Barat, Eid-ul-Fiter, Eid-il-Azha, Eid Milad-un-Nabi etc.
Ans: The religious festivals of the Muslims are: Shab-e-Barat, Eid-ul-Fiter, Eid-il-Azha, Eid Milad-un-Nabi etc.

v) When and how are the national events celebrated in Pakistan?
Ans: The day of the Pakistan Resolution is celebrated on 23rd of March and Independence Day is celebrated on 14th of August every year. The nation as a whole celebrates these occasions every year to refresh the greatness of these events. On this occasion the people are given the knowledge and information related freedom movement of Pakistan and sacrifices made by the leaders to in getting a separate homeland for the Muslims of South Asia.

vi) What is the importance of Lok Mela?
Ans: Lok Melas create a sense of brotherhood among people. These are necessary to keep the people united and to honour the social activities of the people of different areas.

vii) What important religious event took place on 12th of Rabi-ul-Awwal?
Ans: Our beloved Holy Prophet (SAWW) was born place on 12th of Rabi-ul-Awwal. Therefore it is the most important day for Muslims.

viii) What is the importance of the 14th August in the history of Pakistan?
Ans: The 14th of August is Independence Day for the Muslims of South Asia. They got their separate homeland, Pakistan on this day.

ix) What kind of opportunities do these festivals provide to the artisans?
Ans: On these festivals, the artisans display their handicrafts which depict their cultural heritage. Their hand made things attract the tourists from all over the world.

x) Write an account of a religious or any other festival that you might have seen in your own village or town.

Ans: A VILLAGE FAIR

Every year, a fair is held in our village. It is held in the memory of a saint Baba Shah Muhammad. Arrangements for the fair are made long before the fixed day. A sort of bazaar, consisting of rows of stalls, is set up where all kinds of things are sold.

On the day of the fair, crowds of villagers begin to pour in Men and Women, old and young are dressed in their best clothes. They sing songs, dance and make merry. Women ion their coloured garments and beautiful ornaments come to see the fair. In the bazaar there are shops of sweet sellers, fruit sellers,, toy sellers and many other. In the open space we see jugglers, acrobats, snake charmers, monkey man and bear man.

They all perform their tricks to earn money. Jugglers show their tricks to the spectators, snake charmers play on the pipe and show cobras to the people around them. The monkeys amuse the people by their funny tricks. There are some merry-go-rounds where children assemble to have a ride. There are wrestling bouts and Kabaddi matches. Races of animals especially camels and horses are also held in the fair.

Q:2 Choose the correct answer from the following:

Please note that the correct answer is shown in BLUE colour.

i) The eighth lunar month is
(a) Ramadan (b) Rajab (c) Shaban and (d) Safar

ii) Sacrifice is offered to honour the sacrifice of
(a) Hazrat Muhammad (SAWW) (b) Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) (c) Saints and (d) the people

iii) Shab-e-Barat is celebrated on
(a) 14th Shabaan (b) 1st Shawal (c) 10th Zilhaj and (d) 12th Rabi-ul-Awwal

iv) Mela Chiraghan is held at the shrine of
(a) Hazrat Data Gunj Bukhsh (b) Abdul Latif Bhitai (c) Ban Imam and (d) Madhu Lal Hussain

.

Q:3 Write down the following sentences in the Past Tense.

i) Festival is a public celebration.
Ans: Festival was a public celebration.

ii) They bring the people closer.
Ans: They brought the people closer.

iii) They illuminate their houses.
Ans: They illuminated their houses.

iv) After the prayers they greet one another.
Ans: After the prayers they greeted one another.

v) Lok Mela are arranged to create a sense of brotherhood.
Ans: Lok Mela were arranged to create a sense of brotherhood.

Q:4 Tick (-/) the true sentences and cross (x) the false ones.

i) Festivals are not celebrated with fervor. (x)
ii) People mourn on 12th Rabi-ul-Awwal. (x)
iii) Festivals create enmities. (x)
iv) Festivals bring cultural harmony. (-/)

Q:5 Connect the part sentence - with relevant part of sentence
These sentences are connected with numbers e.g.

Shab-e-barat (1) connected as a night of blessing (1)

Shab-e-barat (1)
on 1st of Shawaal. (3)
The Shabaan is the (2)
the sacrifice of Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) (4)
The Muslims celebrate Eid-ul-Fitr (3)
on 10th Zilhaj. (5)
Eid-ul-Azha commemorates (4)
8th month of the Islamic lunar calendar. (2)
The great event of Hajj is performed (5)
a night of blessings. (1)
The 12th Rabi-ul-Awwal (6)
on 23rd March 1940. (7)
Pakistan Resolution was passed (7)
is the birthday of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (SAWW) (6)

GRAMMAR SKILLS

To visit homepage

ENTER

Lesson No. 3 - The Difference Between a Brain and a Computer

The Difference Between a Brain and a Computer
(Isaac Asimov)

The difference between a brain and a computer can be expressed in a single word, that is, 'complexity'.

The human brain is the most complicated thing, known to us. The human brain weighs only three pounds. In these three pounds are ten billion nerve cells and a hundred billion smaller cells. The billions of these cells are interconnected in a very complicated network that cannot be understood easily.

Can a computer think? That depends on what you mean by "think." If solving a mathematical problem is "thinking," then a computer can "think" and do so much faster than a man. Of course, most mathematical problems can be solved quite mechanically by repeating certain straightforward processes over and over again. Even the simple computers of today can do that.
It is frequently said that computers solve problems only because they are "programmed" to do so. They can only do what men have fed in them. One must remember that human beings also can do only what they are "programmed" to do.

Our "program" is very complex. We might like to define "thinking" creativity that goes into writing a play, composing a symphony", in conceiving a scientific theory, or a judgment. In that sense, computers certainly can't think.

The brain is made up of cells in a certain arrangement. The cells are made up of atoms and molecules in certain arrangements. To duplicate the material complexity of the brain is therefore to duplicate everything about it.

But how long will it take to built a computer complex enough to duplicate the human brain? Perhaps not as long as some think. Long before we approach a computer, we will perhaps build a computer that is, at least, complex enough to design another computer more complex than itself. This more complex computer could design one still more complex than itself. This more complex compute could design one still more complex and so forth.

In other words, once we pass a certain critical point, the computers take over and there is a "complexity explosion." In a very short time thereafter, computers may exist that will not only duplicate the human brain – but will perhaps surpass it. Will a time ever come when a man will have to handover the job to someone who can do it better than him.
Yes! Perhaps. But we will have to wait till such a wonder takes place!

Notes:
Most scientists and knowledgeable observers agree that computers will change our lives more completely than the automobile, television, or any technological innovation has done so far. How far can computers go? Science writer Isaac Asimov compares the computer with the human brain. His conclusions may frighten you. They're sure to make you stop and think. But computers definitely are going to create havoc, somewhere, sooner or later! Let's wait and see!

Words

Meaning

Complicated
Difficult to understand

Device
A thing made for a particular purposes

Compose
Write with great care

Complexity
State of being complex

Duplicate
Make an exact copy

Conceive
Form an idea in the mind

Symphony
Long complex musical composition

EXERCISES

Q:1 Choose the most appropriate (the best) answer. (Correct answer in BLUE)

i) The human brain weighs
(a) two pounds (b) three pounds (3) four pounds and (4) five pounds

ii) How many nerve cells are in human brain?
(a) ten billion (b) eleven billion (c) twelve billion and (4) thirteen billion

iii) The cells of human brain are
(a) separate (b) disconnected (c) interconnected and (d) different

iv) The computer can solve a mathematical problem
(a) slower than a man (b) in no time (c) in a long period and (d) faster than a brain

v) The computers are programmed to
(a) solve the mathematical problems (b) think to create (c) plan and (d) forecast

Q:2 Put a tick (-/) on the correct.

i) Computers can/cannot think for us. (-/)
ii) Computers can/cannot dream for us. (-/)
iii) Computers can do (-/)/can't do what men have given them.
iv) Computer is / is not the equivalent of human brain. (-/)
vi) The human brain is (-/) / is not the most complicated thing.

Q:3 Answer the following questions.

i) In what single word can difference between a brain and a computer be expressed?
Ans: The difference between a brain and a computer can be expressed in a single word, 'complexity'.

ii) How much does the human brain weigh?
Ans: The human brain weighs only three pounds.

iii) How long will it take to built a computer complex enough to duplicate the human brain?
Ans: Perhaps it will not take as long as some think to build a computer complex enough to duplicate the human brain.

iv) Can computers think? Explain your answer.
Ans: There are three definitions about thinking. According to the first definition 'thinking' means to solve a problem. According to the second definition 'thinking' means to follow a programme. According to the third definition 'thinking' means creativity like writing a play, composing a symphony, in conceiving a scientific theory, or a judgment. In the first sense, a computer can think. In the second sense, a computer can also think because it also follows a programme or programmes. In the third sense, a computer certainly can't think.

v) Do you think computers have the capacity to take over the world? Why or why not?
Ans: At present, computers do not have the capacity to take over the world because they can not think like men.

Q:4 Read the lesson carefully. Fill in the blanks with suitable words given below.

Cells three, thinking, think, ten, complexity, fed, programmed

i) The difference between a brain and a computer can be expressed in one word complexity.
ii) The human brain weighs three pounds.
iii) There are ten billion nerve cells in the human brain.
iv) Can a computer think?
v) Computers solve problems only because they are programmed.
vi) Computers can do only what men have fed in them.
vii) The creativity that goes into writing a great play or composing a symphony is defined as thinking.
viii) The brain is made up of cells.

Q:5 Connect part of the sentence in column I with relevant part of the sentence in column II.

Column I --------------------------------------- Column II
Complexity (1) -------------------------------- A mathematical problem (2)
A computer can solve (2) --------------------The difference between a brain and a computer. (1)

Computers solve problems (3) ------------ That goes into writing a play or composing a symphony. (4)
Thinking is creativity (4) ------------------- Because they are programmed to do so (3)
The brain is made up of cells (5) ---------- In a certain arrangement. (5)

Q:6 Use the following words in sentences of your own.

Size
What is the size of a computer?
Complicated
A computer can solve complicated problems.
Device
A keyboard and a mouse are input devices.
Program
Do you know how to install a program in computer?
Compose
He composed a message on computer and sent it to his friend.

Lesson No. 4 - Blessings of GOD

Blessings of God
(Cecil Alexander)
All things bright and beautiful.
All creatures great and small,
All things wise and wonderful,
The Great God made them all,
Each little flower that opens,
Each little bird that sings,
He made their glowing colours,
He mad ether tiny wings,
The purpose headed mountain,
The river running by,
The sunset and the morning,
That brightens up the sky,
The cold wind in the winter,
The pleasant summer sun,
The ripe fruit in the garden,
He made them every one,
The tall trees in the greenwood,
The meadows where we play,
The rushes by the water,
We gather every day,
He gave us eyes to see them,
And lips that we might tell,
How great is God Almighty,
Who has made all things well.

CENTRAL IDEA
In this poem the poet has described and mentioned all those things with which God has blessed us. He made beautiful flowers, singing birds, mountains, sunrise and sunset and soon to make us conscious of God's blessings. He wants us to praise Him and thank Him for it.

SUMMARY
In this poem the poet Cecil Alexander wants to make us realize the existence and presence of God Almighty. He does so by describing the beautiful objects of nature with which he has blessed us. The poet mentions beautiful and bright things like flowers, birds, mountains, rivers, sunrise and sunset, trees and green meadows. He says that God has made all these beautiful things for the benefit of man. They are His blessings on us. He has also given us tongue to praise His glory and thank him for his benevolence.

WORDS ---------- MEANING

Glowing ---------------Shining -------

Purple headed mountain --------------Mountain with a reddish peak.

Meadows -------------------------Grassy grounds, pastures

Rushes -------------Grassy plants

Almighty ---------All powerful

Notes:
The poet describes beautiful objects of Nature around us to make us conscious of God's blessings. The beautiful flowers, the singing birds, mountains, the sunset and tall trees move us to praise God and be grateful to Him for His gifts.

I. Comprehension

1. What are the objects of Nature which remind us of the glory and greatness of God.
Ans: The objects of Nature which remind us of the Glory and Greatness of God are, the blooming flowers, singing birds, the mountains, rivers, the sunrise and the sunset and green meadows.

2. Write a summary of the poem.

.

SUMMARY
In this poem the poet Cecil Alexander wants to make us realize the existence and presence of God Almighty. He does so by describing the beautiful objects of nature with which he has blessed us. The poet mentions beautiful and bright things like flowers, birds, mountains, rivers, sunrise and sunset, trees and green meadows. He says that God has made all these beautiful things for the benefit of man. They are His blessings on us. He has also given us tongue to praise His glory and thank him for his benevolence.

3. Prepare a list of the rhyming words in the poem (Example: small, all)

Answer

Beautiful, Wonderful, - Small, All, - Sings, Wings, - By, Sky, - Sun, Once, - Play, Day, - Tell, Well

II. Vowels and consonants:

English has 26 letters of alphabet. These letters are divided, according to sound into:
(a) Vowels: a, e, I, o, u
(b) Consonants: All letters from b to z excluding the vowels above.

When we produce a vowel sound, our breath flows out of our mouth freely, without any stop, fiction or obstruction.

But when we produce a consonant sound, say 'b', 'p', 'm', our lips meet to stop our breath.
In the case of the vowel sound 'u', you will note that it sounds more like 'y' in the word 'you' which is a consonant sound. It will sound as a vowel if we say 'oo' like in 'fool', 'put', 'book'. This is very important. You must remember this point.

III Syllables:
When we say a word by just one sound of the voice, such a word is said to be of 'one syllable'.
Thus words like 'fish', 'hand', 'friend', 'school', 'show', are one syllable words. It is the sound and not spelling that is important. All the following are one syllable words:
Book, each, night, rule, plough, loud, bright

Words that need two sounds from the voice are called two syllable words. Here are some:
But-ter (butter) kind-ness (kindness)
Dra-ma (drama) stu-dent (student)

If there are three voice sounds in a word, we say it is a three syllable word, e.g.,
But-ter-cup, beau-ti-ful, lib-ra-ry, ma-na-ger

This division of a word in syllables is very important in learning the correct pronunciation of a word. Take, for example, the word ;present'. It is a two-=syllable word: pre-sent.

Now if we say the first part louder than the second: PREsent, the word will mean 'gift' (noun) or the opposite of absent (adjective). If we say the second part louder as PreSENT, it means to offer (verb). This in English is known as 'stress'.

There are many two syllable words which have a different meaning if their first syllable is stressed and quite different if the second syllable carries the stress, e.g.,

CONtract (noun) : an agreement
conTRACT (verb) : opposite of expand

OBject (noun) : thing that can be seen or touched
obJECT (verb) : to say that one does not agree to something

Stress is important for correct pronunciation of words also. The word 'library' is a three syllable word, we stress the first syllable for correct pronunciation. The word id LIBrary. So is the word MANager.

All good dictionaries indicate the headwords in bold letters divided in syllables. They also show the primary and other stress for the correct pronunciation of words. Try to understand them.
Write the following words in columns showing how many syllables they have:

Example:
One syllable ------- Free

Two syllables ----- English

Three syllables. -- Following

School, Blackboard, Teacher, Chalk, Tuck shop, Bicycle, Transport, Policeman, Doctor, Urdu, Cricket, Election, Difficult, Leader, Important, Primary, Understand, Sofa, Patient, Medicine, Injection, Plough, Rough, Thought.

One syllable

School, Chalk, Sofa, Plough, Rough, Thought, Leader

Two syllable
Blackboard, Teacher, Tuck shop, Bicycle, Transport, Policeman, Doctor
Urdu, Cricket, Election, Difficult, Primary, Patient

Three syllable
Important, Understand, Medicine, Injection

LEARN PUNCTUATION

ENTER

Lesson No. 5 - Hazrat Ayesha (RA)

Hazrat Ayesha (RA)

Hazrat Ayesha (RA) was the beloved daughter of Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (RA). She was born ion Makkah. Her parents brought her up in conformity with the true spirit of Islam. She was very young when she got married to the Holy Prophet (SAWW). She proved herself to be extremely faithful, intelligent and a loving wife.

Hazrat Ayesha (RA) was blessed with an amazing memory. She listened to the lectures given by the Holy Prophet (SAWW) to the delegates and other people most attentively. Sometimes she asked the opinion of her husband (SAWW) on delicate matters relating to Islam. This secured her position as the most authentic reporter and scholar of the tradition of him (SAWW).

Hazrat Ayesha (RA) remained with Holy Prophet (SAWW) for ten years. After the death of the Holy Prophet (SAWW), his faithful companion Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (RA) became the first Khalifah of Muslims. Hazrat Ayesha (RA) continued to enjoy the most eminent position of "Ummul-Momeneen". She (RA) was universally recognized as the most important woman in the Muslim world. Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (RA) did not live long and died two and a half years after the death of the Holy Prophet (SAWW).

During the reign of Hazrat Umer Farooq (RA), the second Khalifah, Islam spread rapidy. Hazrat Ayesha (RA)'s wise counsels were sought and respected on all major issues. She (RA) was witness to all the changes through which Islam passed during the thirty years of the peious Khilafat. She (RA) died in 678 AD during the reign of Amir Muawiya.

She was distinguished for her virtues – piety learning, wisdom, simplicity, generosity and the care with which she safeguarded and faithfully reported the religious sermons of the Holy Prophet (SAWW). She bravely criticized the thing that she thought against Islam. Her simplicity and modesty serve as a guiding light to all the Muslim ladies of the world. There were hardly three successive days during the life time of her husband (SAWW), when Hazrat Ayesha (RA) had a full meal. The night when the Holy Prophet (SAWW) breathed his last she had no light to lighten her lamp, nor anything to eat.

Hazrat Ayesha (RA) seldom kept the money and gifts she received. She promptly distributed them among the needy. Once during the month of Ramadan when Hazrat Abdullah Ibne Zubair presented her a purse of one lakh dirham she distributed them before breaking her fast.

Hazrat Ayesha (RA) had a splendid quality of oration. Her services to promote the knowledge and Islamic Jurisprudence have few parallels in the Islamic history. Whenever a difficult problem came up the matter was ultimately referred to her and her word was considered final. She is regarded as the greatest genius of early Islam.

The great lady of Islam breathed her last on 17 Ramadan 58 A.H. Her death cast a gloom over Madina and the entire Islamic World.

Words

Meaning

Beloved
Greatly loved

Faithful
Trustful

Amazing
Wonderful

Secure
Safe

Authentic
Genuine

Succeed
Follow

Safeguard
Protect

Piety
Piousness

Oration
Speech

Splendid
Very impressive

Jurisprudence
The philosophy of human law

Genius
Intellect

EXERCISES

Q:1 Put a tick (-/) if the statement is correct and a cross (x) if it is not correct.

i) Hazrat Ayesha (RA) was born in Madina. (x)

ii) She (RA) was the daughter of the First Khalifah of Islam, Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA). (-/)

iii) Hazrat Ayesha (RA) is known as the most authentic reporter of traditions of the Holy Prophet (SAWW). (-/)

iv) She (RA) lived in a grand palace. (x)

v) Hazrat Ayesha (RA) was a well known orator. (-/)

vi) She (RA) lived a life of simplicity and piety. (x)

vii) She (RA) died during the reign of Hazrat Ali (RA). (x)

Q:2 Tick (-/) the right anser.

i) Hazrat Ayesha (RA) was the dauther of
(a) Hazrat Umer (RA) (b) Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (-/)(RA) and (c)Hazrat Usman (RA)

ii) Hazrat Ayesha (RA) remained with the Holy Prophet (SAWW) for
(a) ten years(-/) (b) nine years and (c) seven years.

iii) Hazrat Ayesha (RA) had a splendid quality of
(a) writing (b) oration(-/) and (c) painting

iv) She (RA) was born in
(a) Madina (b) Makkah(-/) and (c) Taif

v) Hazrat Ayesha (RA) is regarded as one of the greatest
(a) genius of early Islam(-/) (b) writers of early Islam and (c) poetess of early Islam

Q:3 Fill in the blanks

i) Hazrat Ayesha (RA) was the beloved daughter of Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (RA)

ii) She (RA) was born in Makkah.

iii) She had an amazing memory.

iv) Hazrat Ayesha (RA) remained with the Holy Prophet (SAWW) for ten years.

v) Hazrat Umer Farooq (RA) was the second Khalifah of Islam.

vi) She (RA) was the most authentic reporter of the traditions of the Holy Prophet (SAWW).

vii) Hazrat Ayesha (RA) died in 58 A.D.

Q:4 Answer the following questions.

i) Who was Hazrat Ayesha (RA)'s father?
Ans: Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (RA) was Hazrat Ayesha (RA)'s father.

ii) Where was she (RA) born?
Ans: She (RA) was born in Makkah.

Common Errors in English

enter

Lesson No. 6 - Transport

TRANSPORT

.

People of earlier times prepared bullocks, cart and went on a long, slow journey on bad, rough roads. Bullock carts were common means of transport. Now we only have to buy a ticket for road, railway or air journey and are taken to our destination in hours instead of days. Modern transport is time saving and helps to promote both social and national unity by keeping people in contact with each other.

Transport is a mode of conveyance. It carries people or material from one place to another. People use transport for trade, business or when going on a tour. They visit their relatives, friends and offices, transport has made the life of man mobile, fast and efficient. Nobody can deny the importance of it.

The travel from one place to another is not a problem in the modern age. A man can go miles away in the morning and after doing the job in the day can come back home in the evening.

In the past people mostly walked to other places, they used to ride on animals. Sometimes they even used carts and carriages driven by bullocks and horses. It was a slow speed transport and was used only at the time of absolute necessity. With the invention of internal combustion engine, transport was revolutionized. It became fast and easily available.

There are three types of transport. One is road transport including the railway. Second is the water transport and third the air transport. Railway became the popular mode of travel in the mid of the 20th century. It carries thousands of people and hundred and thousand ton freight with speed and ease. But with the development of modern net work or road the load has shifted mainly to the road transport. Now motor vehicles are carrying the larger proportion of freight than that of railway.
.
Bus is a widely used form of public transport in the country inter city transport has made the mobility of the people faster and easier. The working class use bus for transportation for their jobs. Many people now maintain their own vehicles i.e. cars, motorcycles and vans. Auto rickshaws are also available in urban areas. The people hire them to reach the place of job.

The water transport consists of boats, ships and tankers. In the first half of the 20th century people mostly went abroad by ships. But road transport and air transport have provided better, luxurious and fastest mode of travel for the public. Ships are now used to carry the freight and the oil tankers. Inter-continent travel has made air transport popular. It has helped the people to come closer to share their socio cultural heritage. It has made the movement from one part of the world to another easier and desirable. It fulfills the individual, national and international obligations.

Transport is now considered important for the economic life of a country. Hundreds and thousands of people travel daily from one place to another to boost up their economic activity and enhance their income or to get education. They can also visit the far off healthy resorts. It provides aid and relief goods to the calamity stricken people in a short time. So transport is a companion of good and bad time.

Word

Meaning

Mobile

Moving

Efficient

Performing duties well

Freight

Cargo, burden

.
EXERCISES

Q:1 Choose the correct answer.

.
Transport is a mode of
travel (b) conveyance (c) truck (d) bus
.

People use transport to
(a) replace the bullock cart (b) work from morning to dawn (c) carry their material from one place to another (d) attack the enemy
.

In the past people used animals to pull their
(a) cars (b) carts (c) huts (d) bags
.

Modern transport is

(a) time saving (b) time killing (c) time consuming and (d) time bar

.

Transport has shortened
(a) difference (b) distance (c) deference (d) preference
.

Q:2 Write true (T) or false (F) against each statement.
.

Transport has made life difficult. (F)
.

It provides a wider choice of moving from one place to another. (T)
.

There are may types of transport. (T)
.

Railways carry the larger portion of freight inland. (F)
.

Bus is not used for transport. (F)
.
Q:3 Write short answers.

.

Why do the people move around in the country?
Ans: People move around in the country for trade, business, to get education or when going on a tour. They visit their relatives, friends and offices.
.

What is the importance of transport in the country?
Ans: Transport promotes social and national unity by keeping people in contact with each other. It fulfills the individual, national and international obligation. It is very important for the economic life of a country.
.

What is auto traffic?
Ans: The word 'auto' means 'automobile' like car, bus, van, motorcycle etc. The word 'traffic' means the 'movement of vehicles along the roads in a particular area'. Therefore, 'auto traffic' means 'the movement of modern transport along the road'.
.

Q:4 Fill in the blanks.
.

Transport is a mode of conveyance.
It carries people from one place to another.
Transport has made life mobile, fast and efficient.
In the past people used to ride on animals.
Bullock cart is a slow speed transport.
The travel from one place to another is not a problem now.
There are three types of transport.
Water transport consists of boats, ships and tankers.
.
Q:5 Punctuate the following lines.

It provides aid and relief goods to the calamity stricken people in a short time so transport is a companion of good and bad time.
Ans: It provides aid and relief goods to the calamity stricken people in a short time. So transport is a companion of good and bad time.

Q:6 Use the proper form of the verb given in the bracket.

In the past people mostly (walk) to other placed.
Ans: In the past people mostly walked to other places.

They (use) carts driven by bullocks.
Ans: They used carts driven by bullocks.

Railway (become) the popular mode of travel.
Ans: Railway has became the popular mode of travel.

.
It (provide) aid and relief goods.
Ans: It (provides) aid and relief goods.

Q:7 Use the following words in sentences of your own.

Conveyance, efficient, invention, environment, development

Conveyance
I have no conveyance to come to school.

.

Efficient
He is an efficient teacher.

Invention
Modern inventions have brought revolution in every field of life.

Environment
It is our responsibility to keep our environment clean.

Development
People should work hard for development of their country.

Q:8 Adverbs can be formed by adding 'ly' to many adjective e.g.
Certain + ly = certainly

Write five more adverbs.
Ans: happily, swiftly, quickly, efficiently, nicely

Q:9 Ask your class fellows five questions about railways.

When did railways become the popular mode of travel?
Ans: Railways became the popular mode of travel in the mid of the 20th century.

What does Railways carry?

Ans: It carries and freight.

Have you ever travelled by a train?

Ans: Yes, I have traveled by a train many times.

What is your opinion about journey by a train?
Ans: The journey by a train is very comfortable and fast these days.

Q:10 Match the opposites.

.
Central (1)
Weakness (5)
Modern (2)
Rural (4)
Cheap (3)

Remote (1)
Urban (4)
Expensive (3)
Strength (5)
Old (2)

A D V E R B

enter

Lesson No. 7 - Human Rights And Madina Charter

HUMAN RIGHTS AND MADINA CHARTER

Masjid-e- Nabwi was the meeting place of the Muslims and also the headquarters of the administration. Madina was not an all Muslim town. There were the Jews, too. To create a harmony and mutual cooperation, a just and fair treaty was signed by the two parties, Jews and Muslims. Some of the important clauses of this treaty are:

i) Muslims and Jews, the parties of this agreement, shall form one community.
ii) The Jews who sign this pact shall be entitled to assistance by the Muslims, if needed and shall enjoy the same rights as the Muslims.
iii) Muslims shall join hands with the Jews to fight anyone who rebels or promotes enmity.
iv) The Jews shall keep to their own faith and the Muslims to theirs.
v) If a common enemy attacks Madina, joint resistance by the Jews and the Muslims shall be put up against the enemy.
vi) All disputes shall be referred for decision to God and the Holy Prophet (SAWW).

This lslamic Charter goes far beyond granting equal rights to the minority. It not only granted them protection but also ensured complete liberty in observing their religious rites. They were to the equal partners in peace and war and enjoyed all human rights.

On August 11, 1947 the address of Quaid-e-Azam to the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan also reflected the spirit of the Madina Charter. He declared the granting of equal rights to the communities without any discrimination of caste, colour or religion. The incorporation of the clauses of Madina Charter the Charter in the Charter of the Human Rights of United Nation shows that lslam is the greatest protector of Human Rights.

Words

Meaning

.
Treaty

An agreement
Declare

Announce
Incorporation

United in one group
Create

Make something new or original
Harmony

Agreement of opinion and feelings
Mutual

Shared
Just

In accordance with what is right
Fair

Not showing favour to any person
Clause

Component of a substance or subject
Pact

Agreement
Entitle

Give a right to
Rebel

Protest strongly
Enmity

Feelings of hatred or hostility
Resistance

To oppose
Dispute

Controversy, argument
Decision

Decide an act accordingly
Refer

Turn to/go to for information
Ensure

Make sure
Observe

Watch carefully
Rite

Religious ceremony
Reflect

Consider / think on
Discrimination

Ability to treat differently
Caste

Belonging to a social class/rank

.
EXERCISES

Q:1 Read the lesson and fill in the missing words to complete the sentences.

Missing words are in red and bold

i) Masjid-e-Nabwi was the meeting place of the Muslims and the headquarters of the administration.
ii) The treaty was signed by the Jews and Muslims.
iii) The treaty was meant to create harmony and mutual co-operation.
iv) The Islamic Charter goes far beyond granting equal rights.
v) Quaid-e-Azam delivered his address to the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan August 11, 1947.

Q:2 Look up the meaning o f these words in a dictionary.

Words Meanings

(in Urdu language)
.

Administration - Intezamia

At par with - Musavi/barabar
Harmony - Mutabqat

Ensure - Yaqeen delana
Mutual cooperation - Bahme Ta awan

Discrimination - Imtiaz/farq
Treaty - Muaaida/mesaq

Incorporation - Shamuliat
Stress - Zor day na

Resistance - Muzahemat
Clause - Shiq

Against - Khilaf
Establish - Qaim karma

Dispute - Jhagra
Rites - Mazhabi rasumaat

Demonstration - Amle muzahera
Observance - Paobandi/lahaz

Reflected - Zahir kia
Declared - Élaan

Caste - Zaat

Q:3 Choose the most appropriate (the best) answer.

i) The Holy Prophet (SAWW) was forced to migrate to Madina means.
(a) He was asked to shift (b) He was willing to shift (c) He was compelled to shift and (d) He was unwilling to shift
ii) Jews of Madina were treated by the Muslims.
(a) as outsiders (b) as enemies (c) as equals and (d) as inferiors
iii) two main points of the Madina Charter are
(a) respect and honour (b) promise and hope (c) equality and fraternity and (d) financial support and help.
iv) The main idea of Quaid-e-Azam's address was
(a) "Develop Pakistan" (b) "Equal rights for all" (c) "Muslims have more rights" and (d) "Minorities shall not be given preference"
v) If an enemy attacks Madina
(a) Jews will not be permitted to fight (b) Jews and Muslims shall fight together (c) Muslims will only defend Muslims and (d) Jews will only fight for the Jews.

Q:4 Tick (-/) the statements as True or False.

i) Masjid-e-Nabvi was the meeting place of the Muslims. (T)
ii) Madina was an all Muslim Town. (T)
iii) The Treaty was signed by the Jews only. (T)
iv) Minorities in Pakistan have to be treated differently. (F)
v) 'Fraternity' means freedom. (T)
vi) The treaty of Madina demonstrates practical application of the principles of Islam. (T)

Q:5 Fill in the blanks with correct prepositions, selecting from these given below.
(to, in, into, with, for, by)

i) The Holy Prophet (SAWW) was forced to migrate to Madina.
ii) This was demonstrated by the treaty.
iii) The cases shall be referred for decision to the Holy Prophet (SAWW).
iv) Let us begin to work for that spirit.
v) The Jews were admitted by the Muslim society as equal partners.

Q:6 Use the correct form of the verbs.

i) An agreement was (write) down.
Ans: An agreement was written down.

ii) The Treaty granted protection and (ensure) equality.
Ans: The Treaty granted protection and ensured equality.

iii) He has (did) his job to the satisfaction of his superiors.
Ans: He has done his job to the satisfaction of his superiors.

iv) The agreement (be) between the Muslims and Jews.
Ans: The agreement will be between the Muslims and Jews.

Q:7 Use the following words in sentences of your own.

Enmity

He is trying to resolve old enmity.
Justice

Justice keeps peace and order in a society.
Discrimination

No discrimination is made between Muslims and non Muslims in an Islamic society.
Rights

We should be conscious of our rights.
Dispute

There is no dispute between us.
Stress

Islam stresses that all are equal in the eyes of God.
Prejudice

There is no prejudice in Islam.
Progress

Justice and equality bring peace and progress in a country.

Q:8 Answer the following questions.

i) How should the enemies be treated according to the Holy Quran?
Ans: Islam teaches us to treat our enemies without discrimination. It advises us to treat our enemies humanly and politely as far as it is possible.

ii) Mention any two clauses of the Treaty of Madina.
Ans: (a) Muslims and Jews the parties of this agreement, shall from one
community.

(b) The Jews who sign this pact shall be entitled to assistance by the Muslims, if needed and shall enjoy the same rights as the Muslims.

iii) What is meant by 'mutual co-operation'?
Ans: The act of working together to achieve a common aim is called co-operation. Therefore, the mutual co-operation means to co-operate with one another to get a common aim.

Q:9 Punctuate the following.

madina was not an all muslim town there were jews too to create a harmony and mutual cooperation a just and fair treaty was sighed by the two parties Jews and Muslims.

Ans: Madina was not an all Muslim town. There were the Jews, too. To create a harmony and mutual cooperation, just and fair treaty was signed by the two parties, Jews and Muslims.

PUNCTUATION

enter

Lesson No. 8 - A Nation's Strength

A NATION'S STRENGTH
( Ralph Waldo Strenght (1803- 1882)

Not gold, but only men can make,
A people great and strong.
Men who, for truth and honour's sake.
Stand fast and suffer long.
Brave men who work while others sleep,
Who dare while others fly,
They build a nation's pillars deep,
And lift them to the sky.

Words Meaning

Honour

Self-respect
Stand fast

Stand firmly
Fly

Run in fear
Dare

Show courage
Pillars

Foundations

EXERCISES

Q:1 Answer the following questions.

i) Give in your own words the main idea of the poem.
Ans: This poem is written by T.W. Emerson. The poet says that it is men not wealth that makes a nation great and strong. Wealth does not make a nation great and powerful. The brave people fight for the cause of honour and truth. They remain firm and face all problems manfully. They make the foundations of their nation very strong. They raise its pillars very high. Their courage and noble deeds glorify their nation. A nation cannot be great without brave men.

ii) Write a paragraph on "Charter of a brave man." Use these objectives to describe the character: brave, truthful, honourable, hardworking, strong, great.
Ans: I have come across many people in my life, but the character which has impressed me the most is that of Mr. Khan. He is a brave man. He is truthful and steadfast. He is ready to suffer for the cause of honour and truth. He is strong in his beliefs and honourable in his actions. He is really a great man.

Q:2 Write down the rhyming words used in the poem.
Example: make, sake. Strong - long, sleep-deep, fly-sky

Q:3 Add two more rhyming words in each line.
i) gold - old, bold
ii) stand -, band, rand
iii) dare - fare, fair

Q:4 Write down the nouns and verbs used in the poem.

Ans:

Noun:
Gold, men, people, truth, honour, nations, pillars, sky

Verbs:
Make, stand, suffer, work, sleep, dare, fly, build, lift

.

NOUNS enter _______ VERBS enter _______ ADJECTIVE enter

Lesson No. 9 - A Father's Advise

A Father's Advise
( A Letter)

Al Maskan,
Ajaf Road , Lahore
Jan 16, 1994.

My dear son,

Let me tell you that you are a part of my body and soul. Whenever I look at you I feel I am looking at my self. Therefore I am committing some pieces of advice to paper and sending them to you since there may be a time in the near future when I will no longer remain with you, for whoever lives must die.
My first and foremost advice to you, my son, is to fear Allah. Be His obedient servant. Carefully guard the rope which connects you with Him for no other connection can be stronger and more durable than this to command greater respect. He who is the Mater of death is death is also the Master of life.

My dear son, so far as your behaviour with other human beings is concerned, let your "self" act as a scale to help you judge its goodness or wickedness. Do unto others as you wish others to do unto you. Whatever you like for yourself, like it for others. Whatever you dislike for yourself, spare others from it. Do not oppress and tyrannise anybody as you as surely do not wish to the oppressed or tyrannised. Be kind and sympathetic to others as you surely want others to treat you kindly and sympathetically. Whatever habits you find hateful in others, abstain from developing those habits. Do not speak about others in the way you do not like others to speak about you.

Remember son, that vanity and conceit will bring you serious harm and will be a constant source of danger to you. Therefore, lead a well-balanced life. Neither be conceited nor suffer from inferiority complex and exert yourself to earn an honest living whenever you achieve the thing you desire, do not feel proud but be humble and bow to Him and realize that your success was due to His mercy and favour.

You must also know that you cannot have every wish of yours granted. You cannot expect to escape death nor the Day of Judgement ; and you are passing yours days of life as others have done before you. Therefore control your desires; cravings and expectations. Be moderate in your demands, earn your livelihood through honest means and be contented with it. Go slow and do not let your desires which will lead you towards disappointment and loss.

Remember, he who controls his desires has self-respect. He does not beg or pray for things and will not always remain unlucky or disappointed. So do not brings down yourself-respect; do not be mean and submissive. Nothing in this world can compensate for the loss of self-respect, nobleness of mind and honour. Wages earned through hard but respectable and honourable labour are better than the wealth which you may gather through sin and wickedness, and poverty is better than the disgrace and humiliation of begging .

Finally, my son, do not make yourself a slave of any body. Allah has created you a free man. Do not sell freedom at any cost or in return for anything. If you can succeed in having no body as your benefactor but Allah, then He will grant you your share. Know it there are two kinds of livelihood; one which you are searching for and the other which is in search of you. It will reach you even if you do not try to obtain it.

I would like to end by saying, do not be like persons on whom advise has no effect and they require punishment to correct them. A sensible and reasonable acquires education and culture through advise, whereas brutes and beasts always accept correction through punishment.
With this I entrust you unto Allah and His protection in both this world and the next one.

Allah Hafiz.
Your affectionate father,
Ibne- Adam

Words

Meanings

.
Durable

like to last for a long time
Oppress

rule cruelly
Abstain

hold oneself back; refrain
Tyrannise

rule cruelly and unjustly
Conceit

too much pride in oneself
Contended

satisfied
Moderate

having reasonably limits
Entrust

trust somebody to complete/ safeguard something

EXERCISES

Q:1 Use any five of the words below in sentences of your own.

Durable

Nothing of this world is durable.
Oppress

Do not oppress others.
Abstain

Abstain from back biting.
Vanity

Allah does not like vanity and conceit.
Conceit

The word conceit means a high opinion of your own qualities or abilities, especially one that is not justified.
Exert

Foreign T.V. channels exerting upon people badly.
Moderate

Islam teaches us to lead a moderate life.
Contended

A contended person has the real peace of mind.
Entrust

I entrust you unto Allah.

Q:2 Punctuate the following passage:

there are two ways of leading a life one is the way of allah and the prophets the other the way of satan the way of allah is to be honest virtuous pious and sympathetic towards mankind and all living creatures the other way is that of a dishonourable schemer who would not hesitate to follow any evil to gain his selfish ends.

Ans: There are two ways of leading a life. One is the way of Allah and the Prophets, the other way of Satan. The way of Allah is to be honest, virtuous, pious and sympathetic towards mankind and all living creatures. The other way is that of a dishonourable schemer who would not hesitate to follow any evil to gain his selfish ends.

Q:3 Pronunciation and spelling:

The sound of (er) is like a long (r). It is often spelled er.
Better - international - longer
Other - poorer - greater
Rather - person - danger
Water - wonderful
Easier - serve
Center - never
Modern - stronger

Sometimes the spelling for (er) is or.

Visitor - Investor - doctor
Creator - benefactor

In certain one syllable words the sound is ear or ar.

Early - learn - earn
Yearn

Q:4 Comprehension:

i) Give the qualities of Allah as done by the writer of the letter.

Ans: Allah is the best companion. He is the Master of Life and Master of Death. He is the creator of everything. He is the Greatest Benefactor. He is the Best Protector.

ii) "Do unto others as you wish others to do unto you". What should one do and what should one not do according to the advice give in the letter?
Ans: According to this statement one should do good to others. One should be kind and sympathetic to others. One should not oppress and tyrannize others. One should not speak ill of others.

iii) What is required by a person who wishes to lead "a well balanced life"?
Ans: A person who wishes to lead a well balanced life should control his desires. He should be contented with his honest earning. He should neither be proud nor suffer from inferiority complex. He should have faith in God.

iv) What does a man lose when he tries to attain his heart's desire?
Ans: A man loses his self respect and honour in an effort to attain his heart's desires.

v) What is the respectful way of earning a livelihood?
Ans: the respectable way of earning a livelihood is through honest means.

vi) What kind of advice has been given by the father to the son?
Ans: The father has given the son advice as to how to live a balanced life full of contentment.

Q:5 Match with the opposites as shown in example:

Durable (1) Excessive (5)
Loathsome (2) Noble (4)
Vile (3) Temporary (1)
Base (4) Worthy (3)
Moderate (5) Lovable (2)

Q:6 Match with the word having the same meaning as shown in example.

Durable (1) Dishonour (5)
Humiliation (2) Disgrace (2)
Cravings (3) Longings (3)
Abstain (4) Avoid (4)
Scandal (5) Lasting (1)

Q:7 Make adverbs from the following words.
e.g. humble - humbly

careful - carefully
free - freely
slow - slowly
honest - honestly

kind - Kindly

serious - seriously

.

Q:8 Use the following idiomatic phrases in sentences of your own:

a) go slow : move or act carefully.
Ans: You will succeed in your aim if you go slow.

b) drive one madly : make one act without carefully thinking.
Ans: Your desires may drive you madly.

c) bring down : lower / destroy.
Ans: Government is trying to bring down prices.

d) gather around : close by us, around us.
Ans: A lot of people gathered around the juggler.

e) sell one's freedom : give up your right for money or gifts or position.
Ans: Most people sell their freedom to obtain undue benefits.

Q:9 Write a letter to your father thanking him for teaching you so many good things and values of life. (Take help from the letter you have just studied). Show how your good habits have helped you in life and how you have been able to gain respect among friends.

Ans:
P653, Tariq Abad,
Faisalabad city,
26th May 2009

My dear Father,

Thank you very much for the letter in which you gave me some pieces of advice a successful and respectable life.

You have advised me to remain obedient to Allah; kind to His creatures, abstain from bad habits; speak kindly to others; avoid being proud and conceited; control my desires and demands; to earn an honest living and to safeguard my self respect and freedom.

I think, it is the best advice a father could give to his son. You will be glad to know that I have started acting upon your advice with commitment. It has brought a change in my life. It has given me peace of mind and helped me in gaining respect of my friends.

Thanking you once again.

With respect to mother.

Your loving son,
Ali Akbar Anjum

Q:10 Creative writing

What are the duties of parents and teachers towards their children and students? Write in 100 to 150 words.

Ans: The duties of parents and teachers towards their children and students are manifold:

(a) the parents should provide them with necessities of life. They should keep an eye on their behaviour. They should advise them how to lead a better life. They should arrange for their education.

(b) The teacher should not only give them worldly knowledge but also guide them in religious and moral affairs. They should guide the students how to prepare for the life after death.

(C) The parents and teachers should advise them to say their prayers regularly. They should give them Quranic education so that they succeed in this world and on the Day of Judgement.

IDIOMS enter